POLITICAL SCIENCE

Std: IX

DEMOCRATIC RIGHTS

Q1.List out valid points on the Right to Constitutional Remedies

1. “Right to Constitutional Remedies” is referred to as the “heart and soul of our constitution” by Dr. Ambedkar. It is because :

(a) This right is the guardian of other rights and makes other rights effective.

(b) When any of our rights is violated or encroached by any officials of the government we can seek redressal through courts.

(c) People can directly approach the High Courts or Supreme Court.

Q2. Explain three provisions of the Fundamental Rights against exploitation.

2 (a) Children under the age of 14 are not to be employed in hazardous occupations.

 (b) Begar was practiced where the workers were forced to work without wages. Our constitution has declared this act as an illegal Act.

(c ) Traffic here signifies buying and selling of human beings, especially women which is very immoral Act.

Q3. Right to freedom is a cluster of freedoms, Justify.

3. “The Right to freedom” is considered as the “Cluster of six freedoms” and also known as the “freedom of freedoms”.

The different freedoms granted are as follows:

(a) Freedom of speech and expression

(b) Freedom to assemble in a peaceful manner

(c) Form associations and unions

(d) Freedom to move freely throughout the country.

(e) Reside in any part of the country.

(f) Freedom to practice any profession, or the carry on any occupation, trade or business.

Q4. Mention the new rights given to the citizens under the Sough African Constitution.

4. After introducing democratic principles, the Constitution of South Africa provided its citizens several kinds of new rights like:

a) Civil Liberties – The citizens of South African have liberty to express and form public opinion in their own way.

b) Right to Privacy - This is very unique right under which citizens enjoy certain privileges like –

(1) Their houses cannot be searched;

 (2) Phones cannot be tapped and communication cannot be scrutinized.

c) Right to adequate livelihood - Under this right people have privileges on access to health care, pure water, pollution free environment, food security and means to minimum livelihood.

Q5. What are the powers given to the Human Rights Commission to carry out its enquires?

 5. The Human Rights Commission has enormous power to carry out its enquiry like

a) Can summon human witnesses - It can summon any witness and examine any officials.

b) Can demand to inspect any official paper – The Human Rights can impact any official paper for further inquiry or can ask for the details of papers.

c) Can visit prisoners for enquiry - Any time, any way the Human Rights can visit prison for inquiry and supervision.

Every citizen has the right to even write a letter to seek Human Right’s support in case of the violation of Human Rights.

Q6. What restrictions have been placed upon an individual’s Right to freedom?

 6. (a) People should not lead to public disorder.

(b) People should not carry weapons with them.

(c ) Freedoms of speech and expression cannot be used to defame others.

Q7. How have prisoners been treated in Guantanamo Bay?

7. The treatment of prisoners at Guantanamo Bay was very humiliating and had no moral claim.

        i.            The US law was completely violated.

      ii.            There was no trial before any magistrate.

    iii.            Families of prisoners were not allowed to meet them.

   iv.            Prisoners could not approach courts in their own country.

     v.            Prisoners were denied the conclusive treatment as per the international treaties.

Q8. What were the main causes of conflict in Kosovo?

8. Causes of Conflict in Kosovo – Kosovo, the province of Yugoslavia was the region of ethnic complexity. Thus, it became a centre of conflict due to the various reasons like:

        i.            Majoritarian concept – The particular community of Kosovo wanted to dominate the country They thought that the Albanian, the ethnic minority group should leave the country or accept the dominance of Serbs.

      ii.            Thus, conflict over issue of domination between Serbs and Albanians started.

    iii.            A brutal massacre took place in which thousands of Albanians were killed.

Q9. Explain the right to equality enjoyed by the citizens of India. What is its importance?

9. Under the Right to equality, the human Constitution has sought to lessen or remove the social discrimination and economic disparities. Its essential features are as follows:

        i.            Equality before Law: Under this every person is guaranteed equality before law and equal protection under law within the Indian territory.

      ii.            Prohibition of Discrimination: Under this, state cannot discriminate against any citizen on the grounds of religion, caste, race, place of birth, etc.

    iii.            Abolition of Titles: Under the Right to equality the Indian state is prohibited from conferring on Indian citizens any titles other than related to academics, sports and military distinction.

   iv.            Importance: Right to equality is very significant to Indian polity as every citizen even from the Prime

     v.            Minister to small farmer is liable to be treated equally before law.

Q10. List out any four characteristics of Fundamental Rights

10. Fundamental rights are:

        i.            Detailed and Comprehensive

      ii.            Fundamental Rights are justiciable.

    iii.            Fundamental Rights are limited.

   iv.            Fundamental Rights are universal.

Q11. Under what pretext did the US forces pick up about 600 people from all over the world?

11. Ans. About 600 people were secretly picked up the US forces from all over the world and put in the prison in Guantanamo Bay, an area near Cuba controlled by American Navy. The American government said that they were the enemies of the US and linked to the attack on New York on 11 September, 2001.

12. What information did Amnesty International collect about the prisoners in Guantanamo?

        i.            Ans. The Amnesty International, an International Human Rights Organisation, collected information on the condition of the prisoners in Gauntanamo Bay,

      ii.            And reported that the prisoners were being tortured in ways that violated the U.S. laws.

    iii.            They were being denied the treatment that even the prisoners of war must get as per international treaties.

   iv.            Many prisoners had tried protesting against these conditions by going on a hunger fast.

     v.             Prisoners were not released even after they were officially declared not guilty.

Q13. What is the position of the citizens in Saudi Arabia with respect to their government?

        i.             Saudi Arabia is ruled by a hereditary king and the people have no role in electing or changing their rulers.

      ii.             The King selects the legislature as well as the executive. He appoints the judges and can change any of their decisions.

    iii.             Citizens cannot form political parties. Media cannot report anything that the monarch does not like.

   iv.             Every citizen is required to be muslim. Non-muslim residents can follow their religion in private but not in public.