2014-15

Social Science Worksheet Answers

(Nationalism in India)

Std: X

1. How many miles of distance were covered in Gandhiji's Salt March? 

240 miles.

2.Where was the Non-Co-operation Movement called off?

Chauri Chaura in Gorakhpur in 1922.

3. Why was a nationwide satyagraha started against the Rowlatt Act of 1919 ?

         i.            Gandhiji in 1919 decided to launch a nationwide satyagraha against the proposed Rowlatt Act (1919).

       ii.             This Act had been hurriedly passed through the Imperial Legislative Council despite the united opposition of the Indian members.

    iii.             It gave the government enormous powers to repress political activities, and allowed detention of political prisoners without trial for two years.

4.By whom was the first image of Bharat Mata painted ?

The identity of India came to be visually associated with the image of Bharat Mata. The image was first created by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay.

5.Who was the leader of the peasants in the Gudem Hills of Andhra ?

Alluri Sitaram Raju  was the leader of the peasants in the Gudem Hills of Andhra.

6. At which place did the Salt March organized by Mahatama Gandhi terminate?  

On 6 April 1930 Gandhi reached Dandi, and ceremonially violated the law, manufacturing salt by boiling sea water.

7. Which party was formed within the congress to argue for return to council politics?

C. R. Das and Motilal Nehru formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress to argue for a return to council politics.

8.Which Congress session adopted the declaration of Purna Swaraj ? return to council politics?

In December 1929, under the presidency of Jawaharlal Nehru, the Lahore Congress formalised the demand of ‘Purna Swaraj’ or full independence for India. It was declared that 26 January 1930, would be celebrated as the Independence Day when people were to take a pledge to struggle for complete independence.

9. Which pact reserved seats for “dalits” in the provincial and central legislative assemblies ?

Dr. B.R.Ambedkar ultimately accepted Gandhiji’s position and the result was the Poona Pact of September 1932. It gave the Depressed Classes (later to be known as the Schedule Castes) reserved seats in provincial and central legislative councils, but they were to be voted in by the general electorate.

10. Identify the main reason for boycott of the Simon Commission by the Indians ?

The problem was that the Simon Commission did not have a single Indian member. They were all British.

11. Why was Alluri Sitaram Raju well known ?

Alluri Sitaram Raju claimed that he had a variety of special powers:

         i.            He could make correct astrological predictions and heal people,

       ii.            He could survive even bullet shots.

    iii.            Captivated by Raju, the rebels proclaimed that he was an incarnation of God.

12. Which economic factors shaped Indian Politics towards the late 1920’s?

In such a situation of internal debate and dissension two factors again shaped Indian politics towards the late 1920s.

       i.            The first was the effect of the worldwide economic depression.

     ii.             Agricultural prices began to fall from 1926 and collapsed after 1930.

  iii.             As the demand for agricultural goods fell and exports declined, peasants found it difficult to sell their harvests and pay their revenue.

   iv.            By 1930, the countryside was in turmoil.

13. During which movement was the Indian tri-colour first designed ?

During the Swadeshi movement in Bengal, a tricolour flag (red, green and yellow) was designed.

14. What did Mahatma Gandhi declare in his book „Hind Swaraj‟ ?

In his famous book Hind Swaraj (1909) Mahatma Gandhi declared that British rule was established in India with the cooperation of Indians, and had survived only because of this cooperation. If Indians refused to cooperate, British rule in India would collapse within a year, and swaraj would come.

15. Which Congress session adopted the declaration of Purna Swaraj ?

 In December 1929, under the presidency of Jawaharlal Nehru, the Lahore Congress formalised the demand of ‘Purna Swaraj’ or full independence for India

16. Which section of the Indian population did not participate in the Civil Disobedience Movement?

       i.            Not all social groups were moved by the abstract concept of swaraj.

     ii.            One such group was the nation’s ‘untouchables’, who  had begun to call themselves dalit or oppressed.

  iii.            The Muslim political organisations in India were also lukewarm in their response to the Civil Disobedience Movement.

17. What did the idea of Satyagraha emphasise ?

         i.            The idea of satyagraha emphasised the power of truth and the need to search for truth.

       ii.            It suggested that if the cause was true.

    iii.            If the struggle was against injustice, then physical force was not necessary to fight the oppressor.

18. What did the Swaraj flag designed by Gandhiji in 1921 contain ?

       i.            By 1921, Gandhiji had designed the Swaraj flag.

     ii.            It was again a tricolour (red, green and white) .

  iii.            It had a spinning wheel in the centre, representing the Gandhian ideal of self-help.

   iv.            Carrying the flag, holding it aloft, during marches became a symbol of defiance.

19. Describe the tricolor flag designed during the Swadeshi Movement in Bengal ?

       i.            During the Swadeshi movement in Bengal, a tricolour flag (red, green and yellow) was designed.

     ii.             It had eight lotuses representing eight provinces of British India,

  iii.            A crescent moon, representing Hindus and Muslims.

20. Name the collection Tamil folk tales published by Natesa Sastri.

         i.            In Madras, Natesa Sastri published a massive four-volume collection of Tamil folk tales.

       ii.            The Folklore of Southern India.

    iii.            He believed that folklore was national literature;

     iv.            It was ‘the most trustworthy manifestation of people’s real thoughts and characteristics’.

 21.Which famous novel was authored by Bankim Chandra chattopadhyaya ?

Anandmath

22. Why did B.R.Ambedkar clash with Gandhiji at the Second Round table Conference?

       i.            Dr B.R. Ambedkar, who organised the dalits into the Depressed Classes Association in 1930.

     ii.            He clashed with Mahatma Gandhi at the second Round Table Conference by demanding separate electorates for dalits.

  iii.            Whereas Gandhiji believed that separate electorates for dalits would slow down the process of their integration into society.

   iv.            When the British government conceded Ambedkar’s demand, Gandhiji began a fast unto death.

     v.            Ambedkar ultimately accepted Gandhiji’s position and the result was the Poona Pact of September 1932.

   vi.             It gave the Depressed Classes (later to be known as the Schedule Castes) reserved seats in provincial and central legislative councils, but they were to be voted in by the general electorate.

vii.            The dalit movement, however, continued to be apprehensive of the Congressled national movement.

23. Why was the Dalit movement apprehensive of Congress led national movement?/Why did the Congress ignore the interests of Dalits for long?

       i.            ‘Untouchables’, who from around the 1930s had begun to call themselves dalit or oppressed were apprehensive of Congress led national movement.

     ii.            For long the Congress had ignored the dalits, for fear of offending the sanatanis, the conservative high-caste Hindus.

24. Why did Gandhiji chose salt to mark the beginning of the Civil Disobedience movement?

       i.            Mahatma Gandhi found in salt a powerful symbol that could unite the nation.

     ii.             On 31 January 1930, he sent a letter to Viceroy Irwin stating eleven demands.

  iii.            The idea was to make the demands wide-ranging, so that all classes within Indian society could identify with them and everyone could be brought together in a united campaign.

   iv.            The most stirring of all was the demand to abolish the salt tax.

     v.            Salt was something consumed by the rich and the poor alike, and it was one of the most essential items of food.

25. Why did Mahatma Gandhi decide to withdraw the Non-Cooperation movement in February 1922?

       i.            At Chauri Chaura in Gorakhpur, a peaceful demonstration in a bazaar turned into a violent clash with the police.

     ii.            Hearing of the incident, Mahatma Gandhi called a halt to the Non-Cooperation Movement.

26. How was Alluri Sitaram Raju inspired by Gandhiji?

         i.            Raju talked of the greatness of Mahatma Gandhi, said he was inspired by the Non-Cooperation Movement.

       ii.            He persuaded people to wear khadi and give up drinking.

    iii.            But at the same time he asserted that India could be liberated only by the use of force, not non-violence.

     iv.            The Gudem rebels attacked police stations, attempted to kill British officials and carried on guerrilla warfare for achieving swaraj.

27. Mention one limitation of the Rowlatt Satyagraha ?

        i.            While the Rowlatt satyagraha had been a widespread movement, it was still limited mostly to cities and towns.

NATIONALISM IN INDIA

Q.1 Describe the peasant movement in Awadh during non cooperation movement.

(i) In Awadh, the peasant movement was led by Baba Ramchandra-a sanyasi who had earlier worked in Fiji as an indentured labourer.

(ii) The movement here was against talukdars and landlords who demanded high rents from the peasants.

(iii) Peasants had to do ‘begar’ and work at landlords' farms without any payment.

(iv)The peasant movement demanded reduction of revenue, abolition of begar and social boycott of oppressive landlords.

(v) In many places Nai-Dhobhi bandhs were organised to deprive landlords of the services of even washer men and barbers.

(vi) Jawaharlal Nehru began talking to the villagers and formed 'Oudh Kisan Sabha'.

(vii) Within a month, over 300 branches had been set up in the villages around the region.

(viii) As the movement spread in 1921, the houses of talukdars and merchants were attacked, bazaars were looted and grain hoards were taken over.

Q.2 Why growth of nationalism in the colonies is linked to an anti-colonial movement?
Answer: Anti-colonial movement gave a strong issue to the people with which they could identify and could come on a common platform.

Hence, the growth of nationalism in the colonies is linked to an anti-colonial movement.

Q.3 How the First World War helped in the growth of the National Movement in India?
Answer: 

       i.            The First World War created huge economic problems for the people in India.

     ii.             Moreover, forced conscription of the Indians in the British army also alienated the people from the colonial rulers.

  iii.            The situation was ripe for the nationalist leaders to motivate the people against the colonial rulers.

   iv.             Thus, the First World War helped in the growth of the National Movement in India.

Q4.Why Indians were outraged by the Rowlatt Act?
Answer: 

       i.            The Rowlatt Act gave enormous  powers to the colonial rulers.

     ii.            It was against the spirit of political formations and protests.

  iii.            It allowed detention of political prisoners without trial for two years.

   iv.            Due to this, Indians were outraged by the Rowlatt Act.

Q5. Why Gandhiji decided to withdraw the Non-Cooperation Movement?
Answer: 

       i.            By 1922, the movement was turning violent at many places.

     ii.            At Chauri Chaura in Gorakhpur, a peaceful demonstration in a bazaar turned into a violent clash with police.

  iii.            Since Gandhiji was strictly against any kind of violence, he decided to withdraw the Non-Cooperation Movement.

Q6. What is meant by the idea of satyagraha?
Answer: 

       i.            Mahatma Gandhi advocated a novel method of mass agitation; called satyagraha.

     ii.            This method was based on the idea that if someone is fighting for a true cause, there is no need to take recourse to physical force to fight the oppressor.

  iii.            Gandhiji believed that a satyagrahi could win a battle through non-violence, i.e. without being aggressive or revengeful.

Q7. Write a newspaper report on Jalianwala Bagh Massacre.
Answer: Amritsar, 13th April 1919: The British General Dyer had ordered firing on innocent villagers who had gathered at Jallianwalla Bagh to attend a fair. All the exit points were blocked so that nobody could escape the wrath of the British forces.

Q8.Why did political leaders differ sharply over the question of separate electorates?
Answer:

         i.            Muslim leaders; like Jinnah believed that the future of the Muslims would not be in safe hand under the Hindu majority.

       ii.             He wanted a greater political empowerment for his own community.

    iii.            For dalit leaders; like Ambedkar; the situation was more or less same.

     iv.            Given the past history of oppression against the dalits, the dalit leaders were apprehensive of their position under the political power of the upper caste people.

       v.            Mahatma Gandhi, on the other hand, believed that separate electorates would further alienate those people.

     vi.            He felt that separate electorate would slow down the process of integration of the fringe group into the mainstream.

12/12/2014

Political Science Morning Test Answers

Ch. 6 : Political Parties 

Name: ___________________                                                                        Std: X Div: ___  Roll No: _____

Q1. What is the guiding philosophy of the Bhartiya Janata Party? (1 mark)

Ans: Integral humanism

Q2(CBSE 2011): Which one of the following is a better way of carrying out political reforms in a democratic country?  (1 mark)
(a) The legal changes
(b) The constitutional changes
(c) The empowerment of people
(d) The legislation for reforms

Q3(NCERT): Who is the founder of the Bahujan Samaj Party? (1 mark)
Ans:Kanshi Ram


Q4: The rise of political parties can be linked directly to the emergence of  (1 mark)
(a) Representative Democracy
(b) Constitutional Monarchy
(c) Direct Democracies
(d) Polyarchy

Q5(CBSE 2011): The USA and UK are examples of which kind of party system?  (1 mark)
Ans: Two-party system
Q6(CBSE 2011): Define Partisan means.  (1 mark)

Ans: A person who is strongly committed to a party.

Q7. The concept of Hindutwa was adopted by which party?  (1 mark)
Ans: Bharathiya Janata Party

Q8. The Bahujan Samaj Party stands for which cause ? (1 mark)
Ans:  securing the interest of the oppressed people.

Q9. Name 3 political parties that grew out of a movement? (2 mark)
Ans: Asom Gana Parishad.

        AIDMK

        AAP

Q10. State various functions of Political Parties in a democracy. (5 mark)

Ans: The political parties fill political offices and exercise political powers by performing following series of functions:

1.    Parties contest elections: Most of the countries have different types of political establishments.

2.   Parties provide training ground for politicians, equip them with skills, knowledge and experience.

3.   The parties give public platform to their politicians emerge as leaders.

4.   In general top leaders of the parties choose candidates to contest elections.

5. Political parties put forward different policies and programmes in front of voters to choose from. 

6.   It provides a link between the citizens and the government.

7. It presents different choices and alternative goals to voters.

8. Parties play a decisive role in making laws for a country.

9.   Formally laws are debated and passed in the legislature but most of the members belong to a party.

10.                Political parties form political opinion about the laws to be made.

11.          Parties form and run the government.

12.                Policy decisions whether big or small by the executive on the basis of opinion made by the parties represented by the executive.

13.                Parties forming the government recruit leaders, train them and assign them as ministers to run government as per their political objectives.

14.                Political parties form the opposition, which checks the wrong polices of the government. 

15.                Parties though elected but are in opposition raise their voices and present views against government wrong policies and decisions.

16.                They mobilize people and form public opinion against the government policies.

17.          Political parties help to express and shape public opinion. 

18.                Parties mobilize public opinion. educate the people about the problems of the country. Sometimes they commence movements to resolve problems faced by the people.

19.          Political parties provide access to government machinery and implement welfare schemes resolve common people issues.

20.               Parties fulfill their political promises that they made before elections otherwise people would reject them in next election.

Q 11. What are the challenges faced by political parties? (5 mark)

Ans: Challenges faced by political parties are:

1.      Lack of Internal democracy: The decision making authority is concentrated to few top leaders of the political party. The parties do not conduct elections for top level positions. The parties lack internal democracy due to which many prospective leaders are deprived of their rights. 

2.      Dynasty Succession: In many parties, the top position or leadership are managed by members of a family. To contest general elections, tickets are given to the relatives and family members. There have been dynastic successions in the political parties. This keeps the parties deprived of apt leadership.

3.      Muscle power and Criminalization: The parties sometimes, indulge in the use of money and muscle power to win elections at any cost. Tickets are given to history sheeters. No doubt it is against the spirit of democracy.

4.      Lack of Ideological Differences and Political Values: There are not much ideological differences among the various parties. So, there is a lack of meaningful choices before the voters. Many a times the political leaders keep on shifting from one party to another.

5.      Lack of Political Socialization: There is lack of learning process among the political parties due to which polarization of social and political issues occur. For example many regional parties confine to local issues for their vested interests. It hampers the smooth functioning of political system.