2014-15

Social Science Worksheet Answers

(Nationalism in India)

Std: X

1. How many miles of distance were covered in Gandhiji's Salt March? 

240 miles.

2.Where was the Non-Co-operation Movement called off?

Chauri Chaura in Gorakhpur in 1922.

3. Why was a nationwide satyagraha started against the Rowlatt Act of 1919 ?

         i.            Gandhiji in 1919 decided to launch a nationwide satyagraha against the proposed Rowlatt Act (1919).

       ii.             This Act had been hurriedly passed through the Imperial Legislative Council despite the united opposition of the Indian members.

    iii.             It gave the government enormous powers to repress political activities, and allowed detention of political prisoners without trial for two years.

4.By whom was the first image of Bharat Mata painted ?

The identity of India came to be visually associated with the image of Bharat Mata. The image was first created by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay.

5.Who was the leader of the peasants in the Gudem Hills of Andhra ?

Alluri Sitaram Raju  was the leader of the peasants in the Gudem Hills of Andhra.

6. At which place did the Salt March organized by Mahatama Gandhi terminate?  

On 6 April 1930 Gandhi reached Dandi, and ceremonially violated the law, manufacturing salt by boiling sea water.

7. Which party was formed within the congress to argue for return to council politics?

C. R. Das and Motilal Nehru formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress to argue for a return to council politics.

8.Which Congress session adopted the declaration of Purna Swaraj ? return to council politics?

In December 1929, under the presidency of Jawaharlal Nehru, the Lahore Congress formalised the demand of ‘Purna Swaraj’ or full independence for India. It was declared that 26 January 1930, would be celebrated as the Independence Day when people were to take a pledge to struggle for complete independence.

9. Which pact reserved seats for “dalits” in the provincial and central legislative assemblies ?

Dr. B.R.Ambedkar ultimately accepted Gandhiji’s position and the result was the Poona Pact of September 1932. It gave the Depressed Classes (later to be known as the Schedule Castes) reserved seats in provincial and central legislative councils, but they were to be voted in by the general electorate.

10. Identify the main reason for boycott of the Simon Commission by the Indians ?

The problem was that the Simon Commission did not have a single Indian member. They were all British.

11. Why was Alluri Sitaram Raju well known ?

Alluri Sitaram Raju claimed that he had a variety of special powers:

         i.            He could make correct astrological predictions and heal people,

       ii.            He could survive even bullet shots.

    iii.            Captivated by Raju, the rebels proclaimed that he was an incarnation of God.

12. Which economic factors shaped Indian Politics towards the late 1920’s?

In such a situation of internal debate and dissension two factors again shaped Indian politics towards the late 1920s.

       i.            The first was the effect of the worldwide economic depression.

     ii.             Agricultural prices began to fall from 1926 and collapsed after 1930.

  iii.             As the demand for agricultural goods fell and exports declined, peasants found it difficult to sell their harvests and pay their revenue.

   iv.            By 1930, the countryside was in turmoil.

13. During which movement was the Indian tri-colour first designed ?

During the Swadeshi movement in Bengal, a tricolour flag (red, green and yellow) was designed.

14. What did Mahatma Gandhi declare in his book „Hind Swaraj‟ ?

In his famous book Hind Swaraj (1909) Mahatma Gandhi declared that British rule was established in India with the cooperation of Indians, and had survived only because of this cooperation. If Indians refused to cooperate, British rule in India would collapse within a year, and swaraj would come.

15. Which Congress session adopted the declaration of Purna Swaraj ?

 In December 1929, under the presidency of Jawaharlal Nehru, the Lahore Congress formalised the demand of ‘Purna Swaraj’ or full independence for India

16. Which section of the Indian population did not participate in the Civil Disobedience Movement?

       i.            Not all social groups were moved by the abstract concept of swaraj.

     ii.            One such group was the nation’s ‘untouchables’, who  had begun to call themselves dalit or oppressed.

  iii.            The Muslim political organisations in India were also lukewarm in their response to the Civil Disobedience Movement.

17. What did the idea of Satyagraha emphasise ?

         i.            The idea of satyagraha emphasised the power of truth and the need to search for truth.

       ii.            It suggested that if the cause was true.

    iii.            If the struggle was against injustice, then physical force was not necessary to fight the oppressor.

18. What did the Swaraj flag designed by Gandhiji in 1921 contain ?

       i.            By 1921, Gandhiji had designed the Swaraj flag.

     ii.            It was again a tricolour (red, green and white) .

  iii.            It had a spinning wheel in the centre, representing the Gandhian ideal of self-help.

   iv.            Carrying the flag, holding it aloft, during marches became a symbol of defiance.

19. Describe the tricolor flag designed during the Swadeshi Movement in Bengal ?

       i.            During the Swadeshi movement in Bengal, a tricolour flag (red, green and yellow) was designed.

     ii.             It had eight lotuses representing eight provinces of British India,

  iii.            A crescent moon, representing Hindus and Muslims.

20. Name the collection Tamil folk tales published by Natesa Sastri.

         i.            In Madras, Natesa Sastri published a massive four-volume collection of Tamil folk tales.

       ii.            The Folklore of Southern India.

    iii.            He believed that folklore was national literature;

     iv.            It was ‘the most trustworthy manifestation of people’s real thoughts and characteristics’.

 21.Which famous novel was authored by Bankim Chandra chattopadhyaya ?

Anandmath

22. Why did B.R.Ambedkar clash with Gandhiji at the Second Round table Conference?

       i.            Dr B.R. Ambedkar, who organised the dalits into the Depressed Classes Association in 1930.

     ii.            He clashed with Mahatma Gandhi at the second Round Table Conference by demanding separate electorates for dalits.

  iii.            Whereas Gandhiji believed that separate electorates for dalits would slow down the process of their integration into society.

   iv.            When the British government conceded Ambedkar’s demand, Gandhiji began a fast unto death.

     v.            Ambedkar ultimately accepted Gandhiji’s position and the result was the Poona Pact of September 1932.

   vi.             It gave the Depressed Classes (later to be known as the Schedule Castes) reserved seats in provincial and central legislative councils, but they were to be voted in by the general electorate.

vii.            The dalit movement, however, continued to be apprehensive of the Congressled national movement.

23. Why was the Dalit movement apprehensive of Congress led national movement?/Why did the Congress ignore the interests of Dalits for long?

       i.            ‘Untouchables’, who from around the 1930s had begun to call themselves dalit or oppressed were apprehensive of Congress led national movement.

     ii.            For long the Congress had ignored the dalits, for fear of offending the sanatanis, the conservative high-caste Hindus.

24. Why did Gandhiji chose salt to mark the beginning of the Civil Disobedience movement?

       i.            Mahatma Gandhi found in salt a powerful symbol that could unite the nation.

     ii.             On 31 January 1930, he sent a letter to Viceroy Irwin stating eleven demands.

  iii.            The idea was to make the demands wide-ranging, so that all classes within Indian society could identify with them and everyone could be brought together in a united campaign.

   iv.            The most stirring of all was the demand to abolish the salt tax.

     v.            Salt was something consumed by the rich and the poor alike, and it was one of the most essential items of food.

25. Why did Mahatma Gandhi decide to withdraw the Non-Cooperation movement in February 1922?

       i.            At Chauri Chaura in Gorakhpur, a peaceful demonstration in a bazaar turned into a violent clash with the police.

     ii.            Hearing of the incident, Mahatma Gandhi called a halt to the Non-Cooperation Movement.

26. How was Alluri Sitaram Raju inspired by Gandhiji?

         i.            Raju talked of the greatness of Mahatma Gandhi, said he was inspired by the Non-Cooperation Movement.

       ii.            He persuaded people to wear khadi and give up drinking.

    iii.            But at the same time he asserted that India could be liberated only by the use of force, not non-violence.

     iv.            The Gudem rebels attacked police stations, attempted to kill British officials and carried on guerrilla warfare for achieving swaraj.

27. Mention one limitation of the Rowlatt Satyagraha ?

        i.            While the Rowlatt satyagraha had been a widespread movement, it was still limited mostly to cities and towns.